Research Paper on:
Cardiac Patients and Propranolol Use

Unformatted Sample Text from the Research Paper:
used in conjunction with other drugs, especially to counteract tachycardia caused by other drugs when treating hypertension (Long, 1999). Cardiac conditions include Cardiac Arrhythmias; Supraventricular arrhythmias, Ventricular tachycardia and Tachyarrhythmias  of digitalis intoxication as well as Post-myocardial Infarction (Long, 1999). The drug is a "non-selective beta-adrenergic receptor blocking agent" (Long, 1999). As a competitive antagonist it will specifically battle  with the beta-adrenergic receptor and stimulate agents that are acceptable to this receptor (Long, 1999). This means that the drug will block the receptors for adrenaline. As the blocking is  non-selective and as such will block both beta-1 and beta-2 receptors equally (Anonymous. 2002). The drug operates with negative inotropic and chronotropic effects which in turn reduce the amount  of work that that heart has to perform. The impact of the drug will also be evidenced in an antihypertensive effect with, during the initial use, a lowering of the  patients blood pressure. This will return normal but a reduction in the total peripheral resistance (TPR) will remain lower(Anonymous, 2002). Propranolol also  has an effect in the catecholamines resulting in a reduction in the rennin production due to the inhibition of any stimulation to produce rennin. Renin is a protease that is  released by the kidneys and have the effect of cleaving angiotensin I to angiotensin, and is usually stimulated with low sodium content of urine and/or a low level of blood  flow and pressure inside the kidneys (Anonymous, 2002). There is also an interesting side effect in the way that it block adenine.  If the patient undergoes three or four instances of the same trigger of fear which would usually induce increased adrenalin flow whilst taking propranolol future occurrences of the fear inducing