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    Courage, the Theory of the Mean and Aristotle

    Number of Pages: 7

     

    Summary of the research paper:

    In a report that contains seven pages Aristotle's 'mean' theory is related to his concept of courage. Five sources are cited in the bibliography.

    Name of Research Paper File: D0_BWarcour.rtf

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    digesting, and reproducing) is common to every creature. The other non-rational element is the basis of desire, the appetite. This aspect can be trained or persuaded to obey the second  element of the soul, the reason. The fact that the desiring faculty can be persuaded to obey means that it has its own reason of a sort. The rational faculty  of the soul, the part that is capable of understanding and actual knowing, is also composed of two parts. One part has the ability to reason about things within itself,  and understand mathematics and other theoretical sciences. The other part of the soul listens to reason "as one would listen to a father." In fact, in Book One of the  Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle explains in simple enough terms that human good is "rational activity completed according to virtue." Courage is an example of a moral virtue that is both part  of the process of knowing and acting upon what it is that an individual knows. In almost every aspect of the construction of Aristotles philosophical theories, Aristotle makes a clear  separation between individual moral values and standards with social ethics. Aristotles long-time and much-loved teacher, Plato, separated perfect moral standards from those of any specific society which destroyed the identity  of justice and morality as one with the state. Obviously, such thinking serves as one of the principles upon which the Greek city state was based. But Aristotle then  went one step further. Aristotle suggested that standards of morality and behavior, at their most basic essence, might actually be a matter of individual conscience. The role of values  in terms of the collective consciousness and social behavior was (is), in his view, only a secondary concern. As a result, the concept of courage and what types of actions 

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