Research Paper on:
Ivan Turgenev's Fathers and Sons

Unformatted Sample Text from the Research Paper:
ideologies of Russia and that of nihilism or positivism. Asserts that in many respects Turgenevs "Fathers and Sons" was a call for the intelligensia of the day to reject  the cold scientific calculation which characterized the movement and to at least partially reembrace romanticism. Demonstrates this assertion with quotes from the novel and an exhaustive review of the  precepts of nihilism. No additional sources are listed. PPfathrs.rtf "Fathers and Sons": An Analysis of the Eighteenth Century Novel by Ivan Turgenev  by - 25 Oct 2001 paper properly!  Ivan Turgenevs "Fathers and Sons" is set during the six year period following the Crimean War which pitted the Italian Kingdom of Sardinia, France,  England, and Turkey against Russia and ultimately led to Russian defeat. The result was the Treaty of Paris in 1856 and the ultimate the emancipation of the Serfs.  An underlying political movement at the time was that of positivism, the school of philosophy which relies heavily on the methodology and precision of mathematics and the natural sciences to  answer questions. Indeed, the members of this philosophical movement simply rejected any institution or belief, regardless of its credentials and societal position, without direct and logical proof of its  validity. This was a period of numerous social ills, a period which was the subject of numerous writers, one of the most prominent of which was Ivan Turgenev.  In many respects Turgenevs "Fathers and Sons" was a call for the intelligensia of the day to reject the cold scientific calculation which characterized the movement and to at least