Research Paper on:
Large and Small Companies and Management Functions

Unformatted Sample Text from the Research Paper:
Snell, 2002). Others, however, have offered a broader definition and description of the act of managing: "To manage is to control the activity of a process and achieve desired results.  Knowledge of the process is not required, since management may be trial and error until one learns what works in certain situations. However, knowledge of the processes and conditions that  affect them is a great benefit for effective management" (Richardson and Richardson, 2001). In large organizations, the traditional configuration of management included three distinct levels: * Strategic Managers  who are the highest level of management is comprised of executives who have an overall responsibility for the entire company (Bateman and Snell, 2002). Strategic managers are in all companies,  regardless of size and they focus on the same issues, regardless of the companys size. They are involved with the long-term operations and goals of the company and emphasize how  the company interacts with the external world (Bateman and Snell, 2002). They have the titles of Board Chair, CEO, President and Vice-president (Bateman and Snell, 2002). Large companies have all  these titles although one finds that the same person is often chair of the board and CEO or CEO and President. In small companies, there may be only two or  three people at this level - the Chair/CEO/President and a vice-president. * Tactical Managers who are responsible for implementing and carrying out the directives of the executives of the strategic  managers (Bateman and Snell, 2002). Tactical managers are typically responsible for translating the plans, goals and objectives that have been developed by the strategic managers (Bateman and Snell, 2002). These  decisions are tactical, thus, the name tactical manager. The decisions address shorter time periods than those of the strategic managers (Bateman and Snell, 2002). In large companies, tactical managers