Research Paper on:
Leaders and Leadership Skills

Unformatted Sample Text from the Research Paper:
as someone who needs to be watched constantly is an outdated one that precludes the need for leadership. Henry Ford did not lead - he combined managerial intimidation with  technical innovation. That was sufficient a century ago, but it will not bear scrutiny or the pressures of todays business environment. A recent study in the United Kingdom  reveals that as many as 80 percent of current managers lack basic leadership skills (Wigham, 2002). The research highlights shortages in "strategic thinking, communication, leading teams, motivating people and  developing and promoting ethical standards" (Wigham, 2002; p. 8), all of which are required skills of effective leaders. Theoretical Base Kast and Rosenzweig  (1992) define the business organization as a "man-made system which has a dynamic interplay with its environment ... a system of interrelated parts working in conjunction with each other in  order to accomplish a number of goals, both those of the organization and those of individual participants" (p. 44). According to the authors, managers within the organization can use  the concept "dynamic equilibrium" to better coordinate their efforts. The result should be integration of the several parts into a "meaningful total system" (Kast and Rosenzweig, 1992; p. 44).  Within the authors concept of the open system organization is a concerted effort to accomplish any number of goals. This is a  common stance of the business organization, but the meaning assigned by Kast and Rosenzweig (1992) is that the goals met be those of both the organization and the individuals within  it. This means, of course, that the organization cannot be the queen bee that workers only serve without any benefit other than a promise of continuation of the opportunity.