In five pages this text is analyzed in terms of how cultural philosophies of these respective countries impact upon medical diagnosis and treatment. Two sources are cited in the bibliography.
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United States, England, West Germany, and France" first published in 1988, Payer discusses the radical differences in diagnosis, treatment and philosophy in regards to similar cases within those countries. What
is interesting to the reader is that while all of the countries examined are considered to be "Western" cultures, in actuality, the cultures between the countries vary to a great
extent as to the outlook and philosophy of medical practices. Payer relates a great many of these cultural differences to historical trends and the general philosophies of each country when
in cultural context make a great deal of sense to the reader but may not have been considered when conceptualizing his or her own reliance on the medical community in
ones own country. Payers text has enjoyed several publications, in 1988, 1995 and 1996, and in each she has updated her introductions
and some of her data but generally, even if some of the results of her data may be out of date, the basic premise behind the differences between the countries
in regards to medical practice have generally remained the same. Regardless of the country discussed, Payer states that the three characteristics which are evident in each society in the relationship
between the patient and physician (technology, caring and values) are always present but may differ in balance. In addition, the relationships that patients have with their physicians as to whether
or not they feel powerless at times and are often antagonistic are actually based on the relationships which are expected within that culture and are a reflection of it (Payer
xxiii). What readers initially realize upon reading the different diagnoses which are being made between the countries, is that there may not