In 5 pages this paper discusses Rwanda's violent history in a consideration of the conflict of Tutsi Hutu and 1990s' genocide as well as the role the United Nations has played there. Three sources are cited in the bibliography.
Name of Research Paper File: JL5_JLrwanda.rtf
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Burundi, was originally a German colony: in 1918 as part of the terms of the Treaty of Versailles it became a UN protectorate under Belgian control. The two main ethnic
groups, the Hutu and the Tutsi, were not as strictly divided as they were to later become: both the Germans and the Belgians, however, promoted a class system by which
the minority Tutsis had control over the Hutu people: both Rwanda and Burundi were ruled by Tutsi monarchs, and the population were obliged to carry ID cards which stated their
ethnicity. In the late 1950s a party demanding emancipation for the
Hutus was formed, and rebelled against both the Tutsis and the Belgians. Shortly afterwards, the Hutus were victorious in municipal elections, the Belgian colonial rulers left, and Rwanda and Burundi
became separate countries. In Burundi, the Tutsis continued to hold power, but in Rwanda, antagonism between the two groups continued. Large numbers of Tutsis were massacred, and many more fled
outside the Rwandan borders. The situation continued throughout the 1960s and 1970s, with Tutsis suffering violence and discrimination.
In the early 1990s Rwandan guerrilla forces mounted a series of attacks from their base in Uganda, with the result that in 1993
the Hutus and Tutsis signed a peace agreement which set out terms for a coalition government, and for refugees to return to the country. UN troops were dispatched to oversee
these political changes: however, there were delays in establishing the coalition, and in the meantime propaganda broadcasts encouraged further attacks on Tutsis. Human rights organisations warned of impending violence, but