A 4 page research paper concerning a 2003 study by McAdams and Lambie. This research addresses the incidence of violence in today's schools by surveying school principals and assistant principals. The writer summarizes and discusses these research findings. No additional sources cited.
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that such incidents seem to stem from premeditated characteristics, which suggest that there has been a radical change in the level of aggression that is typically associated with school-age children
and adolescents. In 2003, a team of researchers, Charles McAdams and Glen Lambie, investigated this issue via a national survey of school principals and assistant principals. The following report summarizes
and considers this study and its implications. Research on aggression suggests that there are two distinct sub-categories for aggressive individuals--reactive and proactive (McAdams and Lambie 122). Adolescents exhibiting reactive
aggression are usually characterized as "hot-blooded" or as having a "short fuse" (McAdams and Lambie 122). They have a low tolerance for frustration and are easily threatened. School personnel find
it frustrating and unpleasant to work with these students due to their unpredictability. Proactive aggressive students are described as "highly organized" and "cold-blooded" and their actions are reflect premeditation rather
than an automatic response (McAdams and Lambie 122). Proactive aggression is considered to be the more serious of the two types. The participants for this study were selected randomly
from membership lists for national associations of element and secondary school principals. Principals and assistant principals were selected as the most likely school personnel to have had the responsibility for
responding to student aggression. Each participant received a 4-page survey instrument. Forty-seven percent of the surveys were returned, making a study sample of 349. Responses indicate that there has
been an increase in proactive aggression incidents among increasingly younger students (McAdams and Lambie 122). Also, a majority of the respondents at the elementary and middle school level reported an
increase in reactive aggression among younger students, although this trend was not as strong as the one reported for proactive aggression (McAdams and Lambie 122). These school administrators reported that
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