Research Paper on:
Seventeenth and Eighteenth Century Art by Julius S. Held and Donald Posner Outline

Unformatted Sample Text from the Research Paper:
art has been compared stylistically with the Baroque (12). Features of the Baroque include a preoccupation with extreme physical size (13), and a tendency to "reach forth into space"  (14). Space is interpreted by Baroque era artists as both unified and unlimited (14). The age was preoccupied with technical virtuosity (16). Architecture Il Gesu, started by Giacomo Barozzi,  called Vignola (1507-1573) in 1568 was a milestone in the history of church architecture (24). Il Gesu owed its success to finding a solution to an old problem: how to  integrate a central plan of building with a longitudinal one --longitudinal plan for the nave and central plan for the dome (24). The main gate provides a welcome for the  visitor by giving the appearance of moving out toward him, a concept that was elaborated on successfully in later phases of the Baroque (26). Bernini Architecture of the period  reflects the concept developed by the great master of the High Baroque -- Pietro da Cortona (1596-1669), Gianlorenzo Bernini (1598-1680), and Francesco Borromini (1599-1667) -- which is that decoration is  an integral part of architecture (31). Of Bernini, it has been said that "he conceived architecture itself in sculptural terms" (31). With the sole exception of one building early  in his career, Bernini occupied himself with church architecture late in life, designing three churches -- "one a Greek cross, one circular, and one an oval" (37). In all three,  the exteriors are austere in contrast to the interiors and sculpture plays a significant role. Ex: Saint Andrea, a Jesuit sanctuary, Bernini designed the portal with "a gracefully curving portico  of two freestanding columns," which are different, yet perhaps inspired by the portico of Santa Maria della Pace. Berninis most spectacular contribution to architecture were the wings and colonnades that