Research Paper on:
Typography and the Avant Garde Art Movement

Unformatted Sample Text from the Research Paper:
have in common? And, at first blush, the answer to this question might be "nothing." Typography, after all, is little more than particular styles, or fonts, in which words are  presented, whereas the avant-garde art movement introduced a whole new way (and some might say "hodgepodge" way) of viewing the world in an unstructured, unrestricted format. Digging a little deeper  into research, however, and one can determine that font styles were, in many ways, impacted by this movement that downplayed the classics and carved the way for a more modern  look. In order to understand a little more about the impact of avant-garde on typography, well first examine a brief history of  typography. Although many point to Johannes Gutenberg, who lived during the 15th century, as the first typographer because of his printing press, "type" was "set" in the days before Gutenberg;  words were just written out in flowery calligraphy, rather than set in type and produced in mass quantities (Phinney, 2002). What Gutenberg did do, however, was invent moveable type, which  permitted letters to be changed quickly, meaning that books, newspapers and other written materials could now be produced (Phinney, 2002). By the time the 16th century came around, typesetting technology  spread across Europe, and as the technology spread, so did ideas, revolutions and feelings (Phinney, 2002). During the 19th century, typesetting was  transformed by what was called "line-casting machines" (marketed under the trade name of "Linotype"); then came rotary steam presses, which replaced hand-operated devices (Phinney, 2002). The Linotypes meant faster printing  time and less need for metal type (Phinney, 2002). Additional technologies during this period included "optical scaling" of type and the "point" measurement system which is still used today (Phinney,