Research Paper on:
Concept of Management and Manager's Job Evolution

Unformatted Sample Text from the Research Paper:
Managers, known as bosses, were in charge of the operation and workers did what they were told. There was no human resource department and no theories of leadership, management or  motivation. The railway was the big business and it was through this industry that the first organizational chart was created. That was developed because of the popularity of stock purchasing  when the shareholders wanted someone other than the owner operating the business (Makamson, Rise, 2002). This led to the establishment of managers, persons who were to run their department or  section - this was the beginning of the professional manager (Makamson, Rise, 2002). The job was relatively simple in the late 1800s and early 1900s, the boss told the  workers what to do and they did it or they were fired. The organization was illustrated on the early organizational charts according to function with a manager overseeing that area  of work (Makamson, Rise, 2002). This managers responsibility included taking orders from the owner, passing on those orders to the workers, making certain the workers were doing what they were  supposed to do and reporting results to the owner. This was, in fact, the beginning of the organizational structure wherein there are different levels of management (Makamson, Rise, 2002). The  factors in the late 1800s and early 1900s were completely different than those of the latter 1900s. Work was done according to a craft system (Lindsey, 1996; Foner and Garraty,  1991). Each job was a trade and their secrets and rules were passed down only to those who would take over, sort of like from master to apprentice (Lindsey, 1996).  Factory owners and bosses did not have a clue as to how the work should be scheduled nor did they have any idea about how to optimize the output of