Research Paper on:
Manufacturing and Management

Unformatted Sample Text from the Research Paper:
statement? Agree. The literature on management, regardless of industry, consistently points to the manager as being an individual who in fact, encompasses these traits and performs these behaviors. Management  is the process of working with and through others to achieve organizational objectives effectively and efficiently in a changing environment (Richardson and Richardson, 1998). Notice that it is a process,  not an event nor an end. It is ongoing. Richardson and Richardson said that to "manage is to control the activity of a process and achieve desired results" (1998). There  are numerous theories, or philosophies of management in todays society, all of which are based on theorists from the past. For instance, W. Edwards Deming carried beyond some earlier management  theorists in terms of the importance of collaborative efforts. Demings quality principles are based on creating a community of workers where each one is perceived as a critical element  in the quality of the product and where each is empowered to take action to assure that quality (Walton, 1988). Demings theory of total quality management can be described as  one whose purpose is: to create constancy of purpose for continual improvement of products and service. Leaders do not micromanage, they adopt practices that allow workers to do a better  job (Walton, 1988). Education and self-improvement of all employees are two of the precepts in this theory. From Demings theories came the concept of quality work teams (Walton, 1988). Theory  Z followed Demings theories regarding management; they are also based on collaboration and empowerment (Ouchi and Price, 1993). Theory Z seems to have evolved from Demings work and from the  works of Elton Mayo, Chris Argyris, Douglas McGregor, and Rensis Likert (Ouchi and Price, 1993). Theory Z organizations are characterized by an alignment of individual, social and organizational objectives, voluntary